g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 Ges g~j¨ ms‡hvRb
Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012:
GKwU
Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv
W. †gv: Avãyi iDd
1991 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m evsjv‡`‡k
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| weMZ 22 eQi a‡i g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991
Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| GB 22 eQi mg‡q A‡bK¸‡jv wePz¨wZ (distortions)
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q; †hgb: K‡ii
†cŠb:cywbKZv A_v©r K‡ii Ici Ki (cascading effect), U¨vwid g~j¨, msK~wPZ
wfwËg~j¨, m‡e©v”P LyPiv g~j¨wfwËK g~j¨, g~j¨ †NvlYv, Avg`vwb ¯—‡i AwMÖg e¨emvqx
f¨vU Av`vq, †mevi msÁv wba©viY, Dr†m f¨vU KZ©b BZ¨vw`| miKv‡ii lô cÂevwl©K
cwiKíbvi (2012-16) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L, 2011 mv‡j RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© AvaywbKvqb
cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i| D³ AvaywbKvqb cwiKíbvi †ek K‡qKwU Dcv`vb wQj hvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg
n‡jv Ki welqK AvBb-Kvbyb cyb:ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i, H mKj wePz¨wZmg~n `~wifyZ K‡i,
†`‡k GKwU AvaywbK I Av`k© Ki e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv| GB cÖwµqvq GKwU bZzb f¨vU AvB‡bi
Lmov cÖYq‡bi KvR ïi“ nq| GUv Abyfe Kiv nq †h, Ggb GKwU Ki e¨e¯’v wewbg©vY Kiv
`iKvi †hLv‡b Av`k© Ki e¨e¯’vi mKj AvaywbK ‰ewkó¨mg~n we`¨gvb _vK‡e| AvaywbK
f¨vU e¨e¯’vi g~j¨ PvwjKvkw³ n‡jv DcKiY Ki †iqvZ e¨e¯’v| †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi DcKiY
µqg~‡j¨i mv‡_ f¨vU cÖ`vb K‡ib| D³ DcKiYmg~n cÖwµqvKiY K‡i wZwb µqg~‡j¨i mv‡_
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb K‡ib| wZwb g~j¨ ms‡hvRbmn me©‡gvU g~‡j¨i Ici f¨vU cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb
DcKi‡Yi Ici c~‡e© cwi‡kvwaZ f¨vU †iqvZ MÖnY K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb Zvi ¯—‡i ïaygvÎ
g~j¨ ms‡hvR‡bi Ici f¨vU cÖ`vb K‡ib| GKwU Av`k© f¨vU e¨e¯’vi GB nÕj gvayh©|
Gfv‡e cÖwZwU ¯—‡i ïaygvÎ g~j¨ ms‡hvR‡bi Ici f¨vU cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ZvB, †Kvb GK ¯—‡ii
Ici Ki fv‡ii AvcZb †ewk nq bv| Drcv`b Ges weµ‡qi mKj ¯—‡i K‡ii AvcZb ew›UZ nq|
GKwU Av`k© f¨vU e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Kivi A_© nÕj mKj A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi Ici DcKiY Ki
†iqvZ e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki Kiv| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 Gi Aax‡b,
A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi A‡bK †¶‡ÎB G mKj wePz¨wZmg~n _vKvi Kvi‡Y DcKiY Ki †iqvZ
Kvh©µg A‡bKvs‡k AKvh©Ki n‡q †M‡Q| GB †cÖw¶‡Z, cÖvq mKj A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi Ici
DcKiY Ki †iqvZ e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki _vK‡e hv GKwU Av`k© f¨vU e¨e¯’vi c~e©kZ©| Ggb GKwU
Ki e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi Rb¨, g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012 RvZxq msm‡` M„nxZ
nq| bZzb f¨vU AvB‡bi LmovwU P~ovš— Ki‡Z `yeQ‡ii †ewk mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB Lmov
cÖYqb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© Ges AvBb gš¿Yvj‡qi `¶
Kg©KZ©vMY, Avš—R©vwZK we‡klÁ, e¨emvqx m¤cÖ`vq Ges mswkó Ab¨vb¨iv (stake-holders).
LmovwU gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv n‡j Dnv cyb:cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ GKwU D”P-¶gZvm¤úbœ KwgwU
MVb Kiv nq, †h KwgwUi cÖavb wQ‡jb gvbbxq cÖavbgwš¿i A_©‰bwZK welqK Dc‡`óv|
me‡k‡l RvZxq msm‡` DÌvwcZ n‡j, msm` KZ©„K wb‡`©wkZ n‡q A_© gš¿Yvjq msµvš—
msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwU LmovwU cyb:cix¶v K‡i P~ovš— K‡i|
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb,
2012 RvZxq msm` KZ©„K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GB AvB‡bi ˆewkó¨mg~n wK †m wel‡q Ges wKfv‡e
GB AvBb eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 2012 †_‡K wfbœZi Zv Rvbvi wel‡q
Rbg‡b cÖPzi AvMÖn i‡q‡Q| GgZve¯’vq, GB cÖe‡Ü, g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 Ges
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012 Gi g‡a¨ GKwU Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv †ck
Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb `ywU AvB‡bi g~j¨ cv_©K¨mg~n cvVKMY mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡ib|
†h‡nZz GB cÖe‡Üi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv eZ©gvb f¨vU AvB‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv K‡i g~j¨
ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012 Gi g~j fve I ˆewkó¨mg~n cvVK‡`i Kv‡Q Zz‡j
aiv; †m‡nZz mnRxKi‡Yi cÖZ¨vkvq AvB‡bi aviv †_‡K GB cÖe‡Ü †Kvb DׄwZ †`qv nqwb
ev aviv D‡jL Kiv nqwb| Õg~j¨ ms‡hvRb KiÕ kãmg~‡ni Av`¨v¶i GKwÎZ K‡i evsjvq
Õg~mKÕ bvgKiY Kiv n‡jI Avgv‡`i †`‡ki mvavi‡Y¨ Õf¨vUÕ kãwU AwaK cÖPwjZ| ZvB,
AvBb wb‡`©kK D×…wZ Qvov Ab¨Î Õg~mKÕ k‡ãi cwie‡Z© Õf¨vUÕ kãwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB
cÖe‡Ü g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 †K KLbI eZ©gvb AvBb ev eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ AvBb ev
c~e©eZx© AvBb e‡j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012
†K KLbI bZzb AvBb e‡j AfxnxZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
c~e©eZx© AvBb †_‡K bZzb AvB‡b
wk‡ivbvg cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~e©eZx© AvB‡bi wk‡ivbvg nÕj Óg~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb,
1991Ó| wKš‘ eZ©gvb AvBbwUi wk‡ivbvg †`qv n‡q‡Q Óg~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé
AvBb, 2012Ó| evsjv‡`‡ki f¨vU e¨e¯’vi AvIZvq wZbwU Ki Av`vq Kiv nq, h_v:- (1)
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki ev f¨vU; (2) m¤ú~iK ïé; Ges (3) Uvb©Ifvi Ki| `ywU AvB‡bi †¶‡ÎB
GK_v cÖ‡hvR¨| ZvB, bZzb AvB‡bi wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ Õm¤ú~iK ïéÕ †hvM Kiv mgxPxb e‡j
A_© gš¿bvjq msµvš— msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwU we‡ePbv K‡i| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi Zzjbvq
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012-G f¨v‡Ui wfwË AZ¨waK m¤cÖmvwiZ| GB AvB‡b
Avg`vwb, Drcv`b I e¨emvqx ¯—i Ges †mevi mieivn I Avg`vwbi Ici f¨vU Av‡ivc Kiv
n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov, A¯’vei m¤úwË, wjR, MÖv›U, jvB‡mÝ, cviwgU, AwaKvi, my‡hvM-myweav
BZ¨vw`I f¨v‡Ui AvIZvq Avbv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e f¨v‡Ui wfwË m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~j¨
ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 Abymv‡i Avg`vwb, Drcv`b I e¨emvqx ¯—i Ges †mevi Ici f¨vU
Av‡ivwcZ Av‡Q| g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 Abymv‡i, AwaKvsk †¶‡Î f¨vU Av`vq Kivi
wfwË n‡jv f¨vU`vZv KZ©„K †NvwlZ Ges f¨vU KZ©„c¶ KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z g~j¨ wKš‘ bZzb
AvB‡b wewbgq g~j¨ (transaction value) Abymv‡i f¨vU Av`v‡qi Rb¨ wfwË wba©viY Kiv
n‡e| GB nÕj m‡e©vËg Avš—R©vwZK wiwZbxwZ (best international practices). g~j¨
†NvlYv cÖ`vb Kiv Ges f¨vU KZ©„c¶ KZ©„K Zv Aby‡gv`b Kivi weavb bZzb AvB‡b iwnZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zrcwie‡Z©, bZzb AvB‡b DcKiY-Drcv` m¤úK© ev mnM (input-output
co-efficient) msi¶‡Yi weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi wfwˇZ cieZx©‡Z f¨vU KZ©„c¶ KZ©„K
wbix¶v Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e Ges †Kvb f¨vU duvwK †`qv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv wba©viY Kiv
n‡e| f¨vU KZ©„c‡¶i wbKU g~j¨ †NvlYv cÖ`vb Kiv Ges g~j¨ Aby‡gv`b Kiv‡bv eZ©gv‡b
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki f¨vU e¨e¯’vq f¨vU`vZv‡`i Rb¨ GKUv eo ai‡bi Sv‡gjv I RwUjZvi welq
hv bZzb AvB‡b wejyß Kiv n‡q‡Q|
we‡µZvMY KLbI KLbI n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨
(discount price) cY¨ wewµ K‡ib| eZ©gvb AvBb Abymv‡i wZbwU kZ© cwicvjb K‡i
n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨ cY¨ wewµ Kiv hvq| Zv n‡jv: (1) GKwU RvZxq cwÎKvq GB g‡g© weÁvcb
cÖPvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h, †Kvb& †Kvb& weµq‡K‡›`ª Ges †Kvb& †Kvb&
Zvwi‡L n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨ wewµ Kiv n‡e; (2) †h g~j¨ Aby‡gv`b Kiv Av‡Q ‡m g~‡j¨i 15
kZvs‡ki †ewk n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨ wewµ Kiv hv‡e bv; Ges (3) 365 w`‡bi g‡a¨ 30 w`‡bi
†ewk mg‡qi Rb¨ n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨ wewµ Kiv hv‡e bv| bZzb AvB‡b GB mKj kZ© wejyß Kiv
n‡q‡Q| bZzb AvB‡b n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨ wewµ Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb mgqmxgv wba©vwiZ †bB| A_©vr
bZzb AvB‡b n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨ weµq e¨e¯’v AZ¨š— e¨emv-evÜe Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i eZ©gvb
f¨vU e¨e¯’vq msK~wPZ wfwËg~j¨ Ges U¨vwid g~j¨ n‡jv eo ai‡bi wePz¨wZ| GB
wePz¨wZ¸‡jv A_©‰bwZK Kvh©µ‡gi mKj †¶‡Î DcKiY Ki †iqvZ e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z evavi
m„wó K‡i Ges Gfv‡e †`‡k GKwU Av`k© f¨vU e¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z Aš—ivq n‡q
`uvwo‡q‡Q| bZzb AvB‡b U¨vwid g~j¨ Ges msK~wPZ wfwËg~‡j¨i †Kvb weavb Aš—f©y³
†bB| †`‡k GKwU AvaywbK I Av`k© f¨vU e¨e¯’v wewbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡j GB e¨e¯’v h‡_ó
Ae`vb ivL‡e BbkvAvjvn&| bZzb AvB‡b f¨vU cÖ`v‡bi mg‡q cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q|
bZzb AvB‡b, mKj †¶‡Î `vwLjcÎ `vwL‡ji c~‡e© f¨vU cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e hv e¨emv-evÜe|
eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vq, †h mKj †mev cÖ`vbKvix DcKiY Ki †iqvZ †bq bv †KejgvÎ †mmKj †mev
cÖ`vbKvix `vwLjcÎ `vwL‡ji c~‡e© f¨vU cwi‡kva K‡ib| wKš‘ cY¨ mieiv‡ni †¶‡Î Ges
†hmKj †mev cÖ`vbKvix DcKiY Ki †iqvZ MÖnY K‡ib †mmKj †mev cÖ`vbKvixi †¶‡Î AwMÖg
miKvix †KvlvMv‡i A_© Rgv cÖ`vb K‡i PjwZ wnmve †iwR÷v‡i (g~mK-18) aŸYvZ¥K w¯’wZ
(positive balance) m„wó K‡i ivL‡Z nq, †hLvb †_‡K cÖ‡`q f¨vU we‡qvM K‡i cY¨ mieivn ev †mev cÖ`v‡bi mgq f¨vU cwi‡kva
Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ bZzb AvB‡b PjwZ wnmve cy¯—K msi¶‡Yi †Kvb weavb †bB| f¨v‡Ui AvIZvq
wbewÜZ mKj e¨w³‡K `vwLjcÎ `vwL‡ji c~‡e© f¨vU cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e - PjwZ wnmve cy¯—‡Ki
gva¨‡g AwMÖg f¨vU cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e bv| ZvB, bZzb AvB‡bi GB e¨e¯’v n‡jv
e¨emv-evÜe|
bZzb AvB‡b DcKiY Ki †iqv‡Zi †¶Î
cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Giƒc weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb cÖvq mKj KuvPvgvj ev Dcv`v‡bi Ici
DcKiY Ki †iqvZ cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ eZ©gvb AvB‡bi weavb Abymv‡i, f~wg, feb, Awdm
hš¿cvwZ, hvbevnb Ges kªg DcKiY wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ bq, ZvB, GmKj Dcv`v‡bi Ici DcKiY
Ki †iqvZ cvIqv hvq bv| AwaKš‘, g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki AvBb, 1991 Gi aviv 9 G wKQz
AvB‡Ug mywbw`©ó Kiv Av‡Q †hLv‡b DcKiY Ki †iqvZ cvIqv hvq bv| bZzb AvB‡b D`vifv‡e
cÖvq mKj Dcv`v‡bi Ici DcKiY Ki †iqvZ †bqvi weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv e¨emv-evÜe Ges
m‡e©vËg Avš—R©vwZK wiwZbxwZi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© Ges †`‡k GKwU AvaywbK I Av`k© f¨vU
e¨e¯’v wewbg©vY Kivi Rb¨ myweavRbK|
bZzb AvB‡b mKj BDwbU Ges
weµq‡K‡›`ªi Rb¨ GKK f¨vU †iwR‡÷ªkb bv¤^vi cÖPwjZ n‡e| Z‡e, hw` †Kvb BDwbU ev
weµq †K›`ª c„_Kfv‡e wnmvecÎ msi¶Y K‡i Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î D³ BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ c„_K †iwR‡÷ªkb
bv¤^vi Bmy¨ Kiv hv‡e| Gi d‡j, †Kvb e¨w³i Ki`vq mvgwMÖKfv‡e wbiƒcY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e,
hvi d‡j e¨emv Kvh©µg mnwRKiY n‡e| eZ©gvb e¨e¯’v Abymv‡i †Kvb cÖwZôvb‡K mKj
¯’v‡b f¨vU †iwR‡÷kb wb‡Z nq| hw`I ‡h mKj Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ weµq‡K‡›`ªi gva¨‡g
wewµ K‡i, Ges †hmKj e¨emvqx‡`i GKvwaK weµq †K›`ª i‡q‡Q Ges †hmKj †mev cÖ`vbKvix
wewfbœ †K‡›`ªi gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡`i †¶‡Î †K›`ªxq f¨vU †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi weavb
eZ©gvb AvB‡b i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vq GKB gvwjKvbvq GKvwaK Drcv`K‡K
†K›`ªxqfv‡e f¨vU †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM †bB| bZzb AvBb Abymv‡i, wewfbœ ¯’v‡b
GKB gvwjKvbvaxb wewfbœ Drcv`K †K›`ªxqfv‡e f¨vU ‡iwR‡÷ªkb wb‡Z cvi‡eb| Gfv‡e
bZzb e¨e¯’vq, ‡K›`ªxq f¨vU †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi c×wZ we¯—…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q hv f¨vU`vZv‡`i Rb¨
myweavRbK n‡e| Gi d‡j Zv‡`i cÖwZcvjb e¨q (compliance costs) n«vm cv‡e Ges Zv‡`i
Kvh©µ‡gi Ici wbqgKvbyb mnRZi n‡e| eZ©gv‡b f¨vU Pvjvb Bmy¨ Kivi cuvP Kvh©w`e‡mi
g‡a¨ Dnvi wØZxq Abywjwc mv‡K©j Awd‡m cvVv‡Z nq| bZzb f¨vU e¨e¯’vq mv‡K©j Awd‡m
f¨vU Pvjv‡bi Abywjwc cvVv‡bvi weavb evwZj Kiv n‡q‡Q hv f¨vU`vZv‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨š—
myweavRbK n‡e weavq e¨emvevÜe| eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vq Kw¤úDUvivBRW cÖwµqvKiY †K‡›`ª
Z_¨, `vwLjcÎ BZ¨vw` cÖwµqvKiY Kiv n‡e Ges Z_¨ †K‡›`ª Zv aviY Kiv n‡e| ZvB, f¨vU
Pvjvb mv‡K©j Awd‡m †cÖiY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv|
bZzb AvB‡b ¶z`ª I gvSvix
cÖwZôvb‡`i‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| evwl©K 24 j¶ UvKv ev Zvi †P‡q Kg Uvb©Ifvim¤úbœ
mKj cÖwZôvb f¨vU †bUIqv‡K©i evB‡i _vK‡e| ZvB, AwaKvsk gvSvix I ¶z`ª cÖwZôvb‡K
f¨v‡Ui wbqgKvbyb cwicvjb Ki‡Z n‡e bv| PweŸk j¶ UvKvi D‡aŸ© wKš‘ 80 j¶ UvKv ev
Zvi wb‡gœ evwl©K Uvb©Ifvim¤úbœ cÖwZôvb‡K 3 kZvsk nv‡i Uvb©Ifvi Ki cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
n‡e| Kifvi Kg nIqvq GmKj cÖwZôvb eo eo cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z
cvi‡e| eZ©gvb weavb Abymv‡i, 70 j¶ UvKv ev Zvi wb‡gœ evwl©K Uvb©Ifvim¤úbœ
cÖwZôvb‡K 3 kZvsk nv‡i Uvb©Ifvi Ki cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr G‡¶‡Î †Kvb Kvh©Z: Ae¨vnwZ
†bB| eZ©gvb weavb Abymv‡i, ïaygvÎ wKQz wKQz cÖwZôvb KwZcq kZ© cvjb mv‡c‡¶ KzwUi
wkí myweav †c‡Z cv‡i| KzwUi wk‡íi Ici eZ©gv‡b †Kvb f¨vU ev Uvb©Ifvi Ki cÖ‡hvR¨
†bB| ZvB, bZzb weavb Abymv‡i, 24 j¶ UvKvi wb‡gœ evwl©K Uvb©Ifvim¤úbœ cÖwZôvb‡K
Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb ¶z`ª I gvSvix cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨š— myweavRbK n‡e| Zv‡`i‡K f¨vU
msµvš— ‡Kvb wewaweavb cwicvjb Ki‡Z n‡e bv| AwaKš‘, eZ©gv‡b Uvb©Ifvi K‡ii AvIZvq
ZvwjKvfy³ cÖwZôvb Avg`vwb Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| bZzb e¨e¯’vq Zviv Avg`vwb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
eZ©gvb weavb Abymv‡i f¨vU `vwLjcÎ
wbw`©ó Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ mv‡K©j Awd‡m `vwLj Ki‡Z nq| eZ©gvb c×wZ‡Z `vwLjcÎ
Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖwµqvKiY Ges cix¶v Kiv Kvh©Z: m¤¢e nq bv| bZzb c×wZ‡Z, `vwLjcÎ
†K›`ªxqfv‡e Ges Kw¤úDUvivBRW c×wZ‡Z cÖwµqvKiY Kiv n‡e, hvi d‡j mKj `vwLjcÎ
cix¶v I cÖwµqvKiY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e, f¨vU`vZv‡`i h_vh_ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e Ges
Gi d‡j Kvh©Kifv‡e ivR¯^ duvwK cÖwZ‡iva Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| eZ©gvb weavb Abymv‡i, wKQz
e¨wZµg Qvov cÖvq mKj †¶‡ÎB cieZx© gv‡mi 15 Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ `vwLjcÎ `vwLj Ki‡Z nq|
eZ©gvb c×wZ‡Z GB mgqmxgv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv ev ewa©Z Kivi weavb †bB| wKš‘ bZzb f¨vU
e¨e¯’vq f¨vU`vZvi Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z Kwgkbvi †Kvb f¨vU`vZvi `vwLjcÎ `vwLj Kivi
mgqmxgv ewa©Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| bZzb f¨vU e¨e¯’vq, f¨vU`vZvi Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z KwZcq
†¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y Kwgkbvi wej‡¤^ f¨vU cÖ`vb Kivi AbygwZ
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e, wej‡¤^ f¨vU cwi‡kvaKvix‡K gvwmK 2 kZvsk mij nv‡i my`
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb f¨vU e¨e¯’vq Giƒc wej‡¤^ f¨vU cwi‡kv‡ai weavb †bB|
eZ©gv‡b ïaygvÎ †UªRvix Pvjv‡bi gva¨‡g f¨vU cwi‡kva Kiv hvq| wKš‘ bZzb e¨e¯’vq,
†UªRvix Pvjvb, e¨vsK †PK Ges AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g f¨vU cwi‡kva Kiv hv‡e| ZvB, bZzb
f¨vU e¨e¯’vq f¨vU cwi‡kv‡ai c×wZ f¨vU`vZv‡`i Rb¨ wbivc` Ges e¨emvevÜe n‡e| bZzb
e¨e¯’vq, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y f¨vU`vZvi Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Î Kwgkbvi f¨vU wKw¯—‡Z
cwi‡kva Kivi Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡ib| eZ©gvb AvB‡b Giƒc †Kvb weavb †bB|
bZzb AvB‡b AvbyµwgK (progressive)
Ges ch©ve„Ë (periodic) mieiv‡ni aviYv mywbw`©ófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q hv cÖkvmwbKfv‡e
mnRZi n‡e| eZ©gvb Rxebe¨e¯’vi GKwU bZzb gvÎv n‡jv †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM †mev| eZ©gvb
AvB‡b GB wel‡qi †Kvb D‡jL †bB wKš‘ bZzb AvB‡b †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM †mevi bvbvwea my²
welqmg~n Aš—f©y³ K‡i weavb cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q hv cÖkvmwbKfv‡e mnRZi Ges e¨emvevÜe n‡e|
GKBfv‡e, jUvix, jvwK Wª, i¨v‡dj Wª Ges mgRvZxq welqmg~n bZzb AvB‡bi weav‡b Aš—f©y³
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AwaKš‘, Kg©Pvix‡K bM` A‡_©i cwi‡eZ© †Kvb `ª‡e¨i gva¨‡g my‡hvM-myweav
cÖ`vb Kivi weavb bZzb AvB‡b Aš—f©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Uv‡Kb ev †bv‡Ui gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ
weµq hš¿, wgUvi ev Ab¨ †Kvb B‡j±ªwbK h‡š¿i gva¨‡g weµ‡qi †¶‡Î f¨vU cwi‡kv‡ai
weavb bZzb AvB‡b wea„Z n‡q‡Q| Uªv‡fj G‡R›U Ges Uz¨i Acv‡iUi‡`i wewfbœ †`‡k †mev
cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î we‡kl weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb mvgwMÖK wfwˇZ Zv‡`i †Kvb& †Kvb&
†mevi Ici f¨vU Av‡ivc Kiv hvq Ges †Kvb& †Kvb& ‡mev‡K f¨vU Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb
Kiv hvq Zv wba©viY Kiv m¤¢e nq|
bZzb AvB‡b wbevmx Ges Awbevmx‡K
mywbw`ó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Ici Ki`vwqZv Ges k~b¨ nvi cÖ‡hvR¨Zvi wel‡q my¯úó
wewaweavb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| bZzb AvB‡b GKK Ges eûwea mieivn Ges Pjgvb e¨emvq wel‡q
weavb wea„Z n‡q‡Q hv eZ©gvb AvB‡b †bB| Awbevmx‡`i Rb¨ RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z
f¨vU G‡R›U _vK‡eb| f¨vU G‡R›UMY Awbevmx‡`i Rb¨ mKj f¨vU m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg m¤úv`b
Ki‡eb| bZzb AvB‡b †m‡KÛ-n¨vÛ c‡Y¨i Ici f¨vU Av‡ivc Kivi wel‡q weavb Aš—f©y³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q hv eZ©gvb AvB‡b †bB| bZzb weavb Abymv‡i RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© f¨v‡Ui AvIZvq
wbewÜZ mKj e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi ZvwjKv cÖKvk Ki‡e| D³ ZvwjKv †`‡L mK‡j eyS‡Z
cvi‡eb †h, †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb f¨v‡Ui AvIZvq wbewÜZ wKbv| wZwb wbwðZ n‡q Zvi
mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡eb hv e¨emvevÜe n‡e| eZ©gvb AvB‡b Ggb †Kvb weavb †bB|
eZ©gvb weavb Abymv‡i `vwLjcÎ
`vwLj Kivi ci Avi ms‡kvab Kiv hvq bv wKš‘ bZzb AvB‡bi AvIZvq wbewÜZ e¨w³
Av‡e`bµ‡g Kwgkbvi KZ©„K Aby‡gv`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z ms‡kvwaZ `vwLjcÎ `vwLj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
hv e¨emvevÜe n‡e| Aciva Ges `Ê m¤ú‡K© bZzb
AvB‡b KwZcq bZzb weavb mwbœ‡ewkZ
n‡q‡Q| wefvMxq Kvh©µg Ges Aciva m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µ‡gi cv_©K¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bZzb AvBb
Abymv‡i KwZcq Kvh©µg‡K Aciva wn‡m‡e mywbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi wePvi Ki‡eb
RywWwkqvj g¨vwR‡÷ªW ev †g‡UªvcwjUb g¨vwR‡÷ªU| bZzb AvB‡b Acivamg~n AAvgj‡hvM¨ Ges
Av‡cvl‡hvM¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Acivamg~n Av‡cvl‡hvM¨ Kivq A‡bK gvgjv Av‡cvlidvi gva¨‡g
wb®úbœ n‡q hv‡e| eZ©gvb AvB‡b wePvivaxb †Kvb gvgjvi †¶‡Î e‡Kqv Av`v‡qi Ici
¯’wMZv‡`k †`qvi ¶gZv AvcxjvZ UªvBey¨bv‡ji †bB| wKš‘ bZzb AvB‡b AvcxjvZ
UªvBey¨bvj‡K ¯’wMZv‡`k cÖ`v‡bi ¶gZv w`‡q G ai‡bi weavb Aš—f©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q hv
e¨emv-evÜe n‡e| Gi d‡j, G ¯—‡i A‡bK gvgjv wb®úwË n‡q hv‡e| bZzb AvBb Abymv‡i
nvB‡Kv‡U© Avcxj Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ Ki ev Av‡ivwcZ A_©`‡Êi 10 kZvsk cwigvY A_©v
Rgv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j, wePvi e¨e¯’vi wb¤œ¯—‡i gvgjvmg~n wb®úwË Kivi cÖeYZv
e„w× cv‡e| D”P Av`vj‡Z gvgjv RU n«vm cv‡e|
eZ©gv‡bi cÖZ¨c©Y cÖ`v‡bi c×wZ bZzb
e¨e¯’vq e¨vcK cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b ïé †iqvZ I cÖZ¨c©Y cwi`ßi KZ©„K
cÖZ¨c©Y cÖ`vb Kiv nq| bZzb c×wZ‡Z KwgkbviMY KZ©„K cÖZ¨c©Y cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| widvÛI
KwgkbviMY cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Gi d‡j, cÖZ¨c©Y Ges widvÛ †c‡Z Sw°Sv‡gjv n«vm cv‡e| bZzb
e¨e¯’vq e‡Kqv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ f¨vU Awdmvi‡`i ¶gZv e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j, e‡Kqvi
cwigvY n«vm cv‡e Ges miKv‡ii ivR¯^ Av`vq e„w× cv‡e| bZzb AvBb Abymv‡i,
‡Kv¤úvwbi †Kvb cwiPvjK GKKfv‡e Ges †hŠ_fv‡e †Kv¤úvwbi e‡Kqvi Rb¨ 5 eQi ch©š—
`vqe× _vK‡eb| Gi d‡j, ‡Kv¤úvwb‡Z cwiPvjK‡`i `vwqZ¡ e„w× cv‡e Ges miKv‡ii e‡Kqv
Av`vq e„w× cv‡e|
bZzb AvB‡b ïaygvÎ m¤ú~iK ïé
Av‡ivc‡hvM¨ cY¨ AvUK Kivi weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ eZ©gvb AvB‡b m¤ú~iK ïé
Av‡ivc‡hvM¨ ev f¨vU Av‡ivc‡hvM¨ Dfq cY¨B AvUK Kiv hvq| bZzb e¨e¯’vq, ivR¯^
duvwK D˜NvU‡bi Rb¨ `vwjwjK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai (documentary prevention) Ici †Rvi †`qv
n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vq, ivR¯^ duvwK D˜NvU‡bi Rb¨ `vwjwjK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cvkvcvwk
KvwqK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai (physical prevention) IciI ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq hv e¨emv-evÜe bq| Z_¨
cÖhyw³i Ici wfwË K‡i bZzb f¨vU e¨e¯’v cwiPvwjZ n‡e| A‡bK ai‡bi Kvh©µg RvZxq
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GKB ai‡bi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
bZzb e¨e¯’vq Ae¨vnwZ myweav n«vm
K‡i f¨v‡Ui wfwË m¤úªmvwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bZzb AvB‡b ïaygvÎ Ri“wi I ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
cÖ‡qvR‡b Ae¨vnwZ †`qv hv‡e Ges ïaygvÎ miKvi Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †Kvb
Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j Zv cieZx© A_© AvBb M„nxZ bv nIqv ch©š— ejer _vK‡e| hw`
cieZx© A_© AvB‡b D³ Ae¨vnwZi welq Aš—f©y³ Kiv bv nq, Zvn‡j Dnv ¯^qswµqfv‡e
evwZj n‡q hv‡e| eZ©gvb AvBb Abymv‡i miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© Ae¨vnwZ
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ bZzb AvB‡b RvZxq ivR¯^ †ev‡W©i Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb Kivi †Kvb ¶gZv
†bB| Gi d‡j, Ki`vZvMY mgZvc~Y© Kvh©µg †¶Î (level playing field) cv‡eb Ges Gi
d‡j ivR¯^ Av`vq e„w× cv‡e|
Avkv Kiv hvq †h, 2015 mv‡ji RyjvB
gvm †_‡K bZzb AvBb Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡e| GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg †hgb: f¨vU
e¨e¯’vcbv ¯^qswµqKiY Ges f¨vU`vZv Ges f¨vU Kg©KZ©v‡`i cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
eZ©gv‡b RvZxq ivR¯^ †ev‡W© g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb, 2012 Gi ev¯—evqb
cwiKíbv P~ovš— Kiv n‡”Q hvi Dcv`vbmg~n n‡jv: mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv Ges gvbe m¤ú‡`i
web¨vm, Z_¨ cÖhyw³ e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv, e¨emvq cÖwµqv mnwRKiY, Ki`vZv †mev BZ¨vw`|
Avkv Kiv hvq †h, AvaywbK Ges ‡UKmB f¨vU e¨e¯’vcbvi GK bZzb cwi‡e‡k 2015 mv‡ji
RyjvB gv‡m bZzb AvBb Kvh©Ki n‡j miKvwi ivR¯^ Av`vq Avkvbyiƒcfv‡e e„w× cv‡e Ges
Ki`vZvMY f¨vU e¨e¯’vcbvi wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZvg~jK †mev cv‡eb; A_©vr ‡`‡k
GKwU ivR¯^evÜe Ges e¨emvevÜe f¨vU e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©Ki n‡e| Avgiv GLb †m cÖZ¨vkvB
Kwi|
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